Table 1

Participants' Backgrounds.

	School		Japanese		Computer for Teacher		Computer for Students
	Type	Size	Level	Size	School	Home
Kimura	Bilingual K+Elem.	150	K-5	150		Jpns OK	40 iMacs; Jpns. OK 20 Desktops in lab; 2 Jpns OK
Wong	Japanese school	70	4-12	70	Macintosh	PC+ School Mac laptop	No lab but 7 computers are available for students to use in class
Johnson	Public H.S	800	Level 1-4	40	Windows 98; Jpn OK 90% of the time	Windows XP; Jpn OK 90% of the time	2 labs; one with Windows 98 (# unknown) another with Windows 2000 (# unknown) Japanese keyboard
	M.S.	800	5	200			Unknown
Yoshida	Public H.S.	500	1-5	105	Mac w/ Kanji Kit	IMac (OS9) Jpns OK	2 labs + comp. sec. In library w/ Kanji kit
Maeda	Private H.S.	320	1-5		Mac laptop; Jpns OK	PowerMac w/ EGWord	2 labs (9 in small one; Jpns OK) Mobile lab (9 machines)
Hayashi	Public H.S.	1,700	Level 1-4	150	Windows 98 Various 3^rd party (Kanji kit, JWP, Twin Bridge, NJ star)	Windows XP w/ kanji kit 2000	25~30 in the library, Jpns not OK JWP
Shimizu	Distance learning: 12 public H.S.	Varies: b/t 300-1400	1, 2	61	Windows laptop (OS unknown) Jpn OK	Jpn not OK (OS unknown)	Labs exist, but used only for optional work. $B!! (B No student access in class
	Community college	3000	1-4	70		Unknown (probably doesn $B!G (Bt exist)	Exists, but never used
Ono	Private college	13,500	1, 2		Mac; Jpns OK	Windows laptop; Jpns OK	Lab. (#, OS unknown)
Nakai	Small state university	20,000	1-4, Jpn Minor; Adv. in MBA program	120	WindowsXP Desktop, laptop, PDA b/t the two locations		Windows computer in class (#, exact OS unknown)
Imai	Private college	1,866	1-3 +Independent study	20	Macintosh	Windows 98 + Word 2001	Exist but students use their own computers
Toda	Lang. school	55	4 (Intro-Adv.) 3 (Elem.-Adv.)	55	Windows2000 Jpns OK	Jpns OS on U.S. computer	1; Windows98